Mahar is a treasure given to the prospective husband and his future wife to have as penghalal their relationship. Mahar is the right of the wife completely, so that the shape and the value of dowries is also largely determined by the will of the wife. It could take the form of dowry money, objects or services, depending on the request of the wife.
Mahar and Nominal Value
Mahar is essentially assessed the value of money, because the dowry is a treasure, not just a mere symbol. That is why one is allowed to marry a slave when not able to give dowry demanded by a free woman. The word 'unable' shows that the dowry in the past really was a treasure that has a high nominal value. Not merely a symbol such as the Al-Quran Mushaf or objects that are nominally worthless.
Things like this are at present poorly understood carefully by many Muslim women. Though dowry is a living early, before the next routine maintenance given to the husband and wife. It's only natural that when a woman asked for dowry in the form of property that has a certain nominal value. For example cash, gold, land, homes, vehicles, Islamic deposits, stocks, rented, perusahaanatau other valuable objects.
The Mushaf Al-Quran and prayer set of tools, of course, very low nominal value, because it could be obtained only by a few hundred thousand dollars only. It is not fair if the candidates have suamiyang middle income, but just as cheap as it gives a dowry to his future wife.
Finally, under the pretext not to say 'mercenary', many Muslim women who prefer a dowry as cheap as that. Then diembel-embroider with her husband's request that the practice of Al-Quran. Though the practice of Al-Quran is not precisely measurable, not something exact. While the verses and hadiths that talk about the dowry it is very inexact and talk about the nominal value. Not something that is abstract and moral values.
It is precisely this appendage which will trouble themselves. For if a man pledged to practice the content of Al-Quran as a dowry, then it becomes unpaid dowry when she does not practice it. If the dowry is not paid, of course, will interfere with her marital status.
Mahar With Teaching Al-Quran
Similarly, if the dowry was to teach the Koran to his wife, would have created a form of teaching limit how, what curriculum is, how many times the meetings, how many verses, book of reference on what and so on. For when dowry was in the shape of gold, always mention the amount of value or beratny, then when the dowry that shaped the teaching of the Koran, must also be specified limit.
Incident in the Prophet where a dower Companions of memorizing the Koran, should be understood as the Al-Quran teaching services. Al-Quran and teaches it is a fairly expensive service in nominal terms. Moreover, we know bahwaistilah 'teaching Al-Quran' in the past is not simply so that his wife could memorize a mere reading, but also at the same time with the meaning, interpretation, understanding of jurisprudence and the sciences associated with each verse.
From Sahl ibn Sa'd that the Prophet Muhammad visited by a woman who said, O Messenger of Allah I give myself to you, She stood a long time ago there stood a man who said, O Messenger of Allah kawinkan with me any time if you do not want to marry her. Messenger said, Punyakah you something to be used as a dowry? he said, not unless this sarungku only Prophet replied, if you give sarungmu that then you will not have the gloves again, look for something. He said, I do not get nothing. Messenger said, although Find the ring of iron. He was looking for it again and also not getting anything. Then the Prophet said, Do you memorize the Quran? He replied, Yes this letter and that he mentions a letter that memorized. The Prophet said, I've married you both with a dowry qur'anmu rote.
In recent history a saheeh mentioned that he said, Teach him the Qur'an. In the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah said that the number of verses that teach that is 20 verses.
Demand dowry in the form of property which have a nominal value of these in turn must be considered reasonable, because most women now seemed to not care anymore nominal value of the dowry that will be received.
Nominal Mahar In a study of the Ulema
In fiqhiyah, the Al-Hanafiyah argued that the minimum mahr is 10 dirhams it. While Al-Malikiyah say that a minimum of dowry is three dirhams. Yet some scholars say there is no minimum limit to the dowry.
When Men Can Not Able to repay the
The fact that man is different economic level, it is understood by the Islamic sharia. That the majority of mankind is yangkaya and mostly poor. Some people have wealth beyond the necessities of life, and conversely some are not able to fulfill it.
Therefore, Islamic law gives relief to men who are unable to provide dowries high nominal value as requested by the candidate's wife, to have payments or mengangsurnya. Policy installment of this dowry as a middle way in order to place a win-win solution between the ability of the husband and the wife's rights. So that no one harmed.
Wife still get their right of dower which has a nominal value, sedagkan husband is not weighted to pay it in cash. This was what was running in Islamic law. Do you remember, every time there is consent granted is spoken, the husband always said, I thank illegitimate by the above-mentioned dowry CASH!. Why add the word 'CASH'?, Because the husband could claim to provide a dowry in cash.
But if he does not have the ability to pay cash, he may mengangsurnya within a certain timeframe. So greeting wording might sound like this: I accept illegitimate by dowry money worth 100 million paid in installments over 10 years.
When It's Too Poor And Disadvantaged
But there is also a class of society that most inadequate, poor and destitute. Where to eat everyday just did not have any certainty. But he wanted to get married and have a wife.
The solution is that he may choose a wife who already understand if economic circumstances. If it is unable to pay dowry, let alone pay for living. Logic like it should already be well understood by any woman who would become his wife.
Islam then allow him to give dowry in any form, with the lowest possible value. For example a ring of iron, grain and dates and the like mengajarkanatau services. The important thing both sides blessing and willing for the dowry.
a. Pair of Sandals In the Prophet Muhammad, such tragic events that never happened. Where a man of very poor want to get married and have no property of any kind. So even though the form of dowry allowed sandals.
From Amir ibn Rabi'a that a woman of the sons Fazarah dowry to marry a pair of sandals. Then the Prophet asked, Relakah you married life and your wealth, with a pair of these sandals? He answered, Real. Rasulullahpun then allow it.
b. Memorizing the Quran: There are also people who are very poor, did not have any possessions, but in his head there is the Islamic sciences, he was much memorized the Quran and understand it well every verse he had ever learned.
So for the very valuable knowledge, he can make it as a 'treasure' that have a high nominal value. Although not in the form of gold metal. The incident was actually there at the time of the Prophet Muhammad.
From Sahl ibn Sa'd that the Prophet Muhammad visited by a woman who said, O Messenger of Allah I give myself to you, She stood a long time ago there stood a man who said, O Messenger of Allah kawinkan with me any time if you do not want to marry her. Messenger said, Punyakah you something to be used as a dowry? he said, not unless this sarungku only Prophet replied, if you give sarungmu that then you will not have the gloves again, look for something. He said, I do not get nothing. Messenger said, although Find the ring of iron. He was looking for it again and also not getting anything. Then the Prophet said, Do you memorize the Quran? He replied, Yes this letter and that he mentions a letter that memorized. The Prophet said, I've married you both with a dowry qur'anmu rote.
In recent history a saheeh mentioned that he said, Teach him the Qur'an. In the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah said that the number of verses that teach that is 20 verses.
c. Not In Shape Nothing: Even if a man has no property, nor have the knowledge, but still want to get married in order not to fall into the valley of adultery, a woman is okay emngikhlaskan all rights to receive the dowry property.
Because it's fully rights-dowry future wife, then let go when he did not receive anything from her husband, of course not why. And the incident has ever occurred in the time of the Prophet SAW. Enough for her husband who was still non-Muslims to convert to Islam, then the woman willing to marry without giving anything. Or in other words, keIslamanannya it became a dowry for her.
From Anas that Umm Sulaim Aba Tholhah woo ago Umm Sulaym said, By Allah, he does not like you may be denied her application, unfortunately you disbelieve while I was Muslim. It is not lawful for me to marry you. But if you convert to Islam, keIslamanmu could be a dowry for me. I'm not going to sue the other. Then become Islamic Abu Tholhah as dowry in her marriage was. .
All the hadiths were showing cases that occurred in the past, where a man who had an obligation to give a dowry to a specific value, can not afford to pay it. Hadiths above face value does not indicate the standard dowry at the time, but an exception.
It evident when Umar Bin Khattab Ra initiative provides a limit to the problem of dowry when he spoke in the pulpit. He mentions the maximum dowry was 400 dirhams. But soon he received a protest from the women and warned him with a verse of the Quran. So Umar was startled and said, Allahumma Ustadzah, it turns out more people than Umar faqih. Then Umar climbed the pulpit again, Before I forbid you to receive a dowry of more than 400 dirhams, now please do your at will.
In the context of the expensive habits of women in the age of dowry that is precisely about the following hadith the Prophet Muhammad.
From A'ishah that the Prophet SAW said, most of Marriage barakahnya it is a cheap dowry
But this hadith needs to be understood in the context of women in those days that just will not budge from its proposed tariff dowry. As for our context in Indonesia, where our habit of giving dowry Mushaf Al-Quran and prayer set of tools that are very cheap, certainly needs to be understood more broadly.
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